New Covenant Grace

Boldly Proclaiming GRACE to the Nations!

The Old Testament Law… FULFILLED

People who claim that the Old Testament law still applies to believers, can be divided into several groups:

1)    Those who believe that all the Old Testament laws still apply.

2)    Those who believe that believers will not be judged according to the Old Testament law, but that it still serves as a moral compass that will help them to avoid falling into sin.

3)    Those who believe that the law can be split up into two different sections, namely moral laws and ceremonial laws, and that the ceremonial laws have passed away, but that the moral laws still need to be obeyed.


Group 1

For those who fall into the first group, the Bible unfortunately bears disappointing news:

For whoever shall keep the whole Law and yet offend in one point, he is guilty of all. (Jam 2:10 MKJV)

The punishment for sin is extremely severe, namely death (Romans 5:12 & 1 Corinthians15:56). The Bible also tells us that no man is ever able to obtain right standing with God through their level of obedience to the law:

God doesn’t accept people simply because they obey the Law. No, indeed! All the Law does is to point out our sin. (Rom 3:20 CEV)

But the apostle Paul then continues and shows us how to stand forgiven and justified before God:

Now we see how God does make us acceptable to him. The Law and the Prophets tell how we become acceptable, and it isn’t by obeying the Law of Moses. God treats everyone alike. He accepts people only because they have faith in Jesus Christ. (Rom 3:21-22 CEV, emphasis added)

The law provided a physical standard to measure a person’s level of holiness by. It was a contract which God had sealed in blood with the nation of Israel – only with them. How do we know this? Because we see in numerous instances how God acted in favor of Israel against other nations (the Moabites, Philistines, Syrians, etc).

In today’s world, when the terms of a contract between two parties have been fulfilled, the contract is finished. The contract isn’t abolished or destroyed, it is fulfilled. This is exactly what Jesus meant when he said:

Do not think that I have come to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I have not come to destroy but to fulfill. (Matt 5:17 MKJV)

And since Christ fulfilled the law and ended that contract which God had made with Israel, the consequences for failing to observe the clauses of that contract (the laws) are now irrelevant. God does not judge people by their ability to uphold the requirements of a contract which has already been fulfilled.

 

Group 2

The law is not a tool to assist us with moral direction. It cannot and has never helped anybody to stop sinning because it was never intended for this purpose. The purpose of the law was to make mankind aware of their inner sin problem (their sinful nature) so that when they realize they’d never be able to obtain eternal life through their own level of holiness, it would point them to Jesus for salvation. This sinful nature would then be circumcised (cut) out of them spiritually (Colossians 2:11) and be replaced by a brand new born again spirit which is 100% perfect, righteous and holy. The law was only a signpost that pointed to Jesus – it’s pretty silly to set up camp next to a signpost, isn’t it?

All that passing laws against sin did was produce more lawbreakers. (Rom 5:20a MSG)

What is the use of the Law? It was given later to show that we sin. (Gal 3:19a CEV)

The practice of trying to obey the demands of that ancient Jewish rule keeping system in order to overcome fleshly habits and lusts, is powerless and useless against the onslaughts of sin. Trying to overcome sin through adhering to the law will only have the effect of showing us how far we fall short of its decrees. The only way to overcome sinful habits is to be established in the revelation of how much God loves us and that He sees us as completely righteous. His grace took care of all our sins and He promised never to remember them ever again (Hebrews 10:17). When we know how much grace God has extended towards us, it will empower us to overcome any sin:

For sin shall not have dominion over you, for you are not under Law, but under grace. (Rom 6:14 MKJV)

 

Group 3

Nobody in this group (those who claim that the “ceremonial laws” have fallen away) has actually gone to the effort of drawing up a list to show exactly which of the laws have remained. The truth is that God Himself also never made this kind of distinction between any of the laws when He handed them down. On the contrary, He said:

“Obey all the laws and teachings I am giving you. Don’t add any, and don’t take any away.” (Deut 12:32 CEV)

Yet we find all sorts of religions that are based on Judaism jumping up nowadays, with non Jewish people trying to go back to their supposed “Jewish roots”.

Israel never welcomed intimacy with God (which is really all that God wants from us), because they always sent Moses to talk to God on their behalf (Exodus 20:19). Similarly, it appears that when people can’t find any fulfilment in their relationship with God, they make up all sorts of theories to try and earn His approval through some kind of rule keeping system. The peculiar thing about this trend is that since the entire Old Testament law is far too wearisome and laborious to keep, they formulate their own version of it and decide by themselves which laws they want to keep and which ones they can discard.

From Exodus 20 up to the end of Deuteronomy there were a total of 614 laws passed down to the nation of Israel. Just as the law was very specific about what to do and what not to do, it also contained very specific instructions about how to avoid being punished when a law was transgressed. Dodging retribution was mainly achieved in the form of sacrifices and offerings. Most of the modern day variations of Judaism (including those groups who insist calling God and Jesus by their Hebrew names, but whose lives are void of the fruit and the gifts of the Spirit) have opted not to include these sacrifices as part of their man-made belief systems, yet they vigorously claim to be living according to God’s laws. Who’s fooling who here?

Nonetheless, to accommodate these people and to try and show to them that they are actually not only disregarding the sacrifices and offerings, but also breaking many of the other (moral) laws contained in the Old Testament, let’s take a look at some of the laws:

Only, you shall not eat these of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: …the swine, though he divides the hoof and is cloven-footed, yet he does not chew the cud; he is unclean to you. (Lev 11: 4, 7 MKJV)

Any form of pork, including bacon and ham, are strictly off limits according to the law. There goes that nice English breakfast or that ham and cheese sandwich out the door!

You must not eat anything that lives in the water and does not have fins and scales. (Lev 11:12 GNB)

No calamari or squid allowed, no sir!

And if any man’s semen goes from him, then he shall wash all his flesh in water and be unclean until the evening. And the woman with whom a man shall lie with emission of semen shall both bathe in water and be unclean until the evening. (Lev 15:16, 18 MKJV)

Men and women ought to separate themselves from any other people for an entire day every time after they’ve had sexual intercourse. This would mean quite a lot of sick leave for most people or heaps of broken up marriages because of spouses abstaining from sex with each other.

Don’t cut the hair on the sides of your head or trim your beard. (Lev 19:27 MSG)

All men would have to walk around with beards. If anybody who claims to be living according to the law shaves their beard, they are breaking God’s commands!

Don’t even build a cooking fire at home on the Sabbath. (Exo 35:3 CEV)

There will be no BBQ after watching that sports game with our friends on a Saturday, because strictly speaking the Sabbath is supposed to be observed on a Saturday.

Don’t wear clothes woven of two kinds of material. (Lev 19:19b MSG)

This would mean throwing out piles of our clothes, since a vast portion of the clothing found in anybody’s closet today is made from a mixture of cotton and polyester.

See how ridiculous it gets? But praise be to Jesus that He fulfilled all the requirements of that antique law keeping system, setting people free to live a life that is led by the Holy Spirit and not by rules:

But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son, born of woman, born under the law, to redeem those who were under the law, so that we might receive adoption as sons. (Gal 4:4-5 ESV)

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10 Reasons to Dodge the 10 Commandments

It’s difficult to understand how many believers, even in our time, consider that their law keeping and good conduct can be superior to a relationship with Jesus which is based on love and freedom. Why is it that loyalty to an old Jewish rule keeping system can be more important than the very person who already fulfilled it on our behalf? Just like stiff necked Israel in the desert, people today still arrogantly cling to a written code that was actually meant to expose their sinful condition and point them to Jesus Himself!

[Joh 5:39 You study the Scriptures, because you think that in them you will find eternal life. And these very Scriptures speak about me! 40 Yet you are not willing to come to me in order to have life] (GNB). Jesus is now even closer to us than He was to His disciples – He actually lives inside us by His Spirit! Like the Pharisees though, even with Jesus standing before them in plain sight, lots of Christians still choose the law over Christ.

[2 Cor 3:14 Their minds, indeed, were closed; and to this very day their minds are covered with the same veil as they read the books of the old covenant. The veil is removed only when a person is joined to Christ. 15 Even today, whenever they read the Law of Moses, the veil still covers their minds] (GNB).

Indeed a large part of the body of Christ is so stubbornly stuck in their ritualistic Sunday meetings, traditions, efforts to maintain a holy lifestyle and their obstinate rejection of our Father’s loving advances, that it’s no wonder the world doesn’t want anything to do with Christians! The term “Christian” in most secular circles has been reduced to a person who wants others to quit doing this and that sin, to get their lives in order and start working for God! Now who in their right mind would want to give up their life of worldly pleasures for a prison cell like that?

However, it’s when we show them the unconditional, non-judgmental love of our Father, who showers His grace undeservingly on all who would accept it, that they are irresistibly drawn to Him. It’s when they see the fruit of the indwelling Spirit manifesting through us, that the God shaped void inside them cries out to be filled with the very life of the resurrected Christ.

10 Reasons to Run!

Let’s look at 10 important reasons as to why Christians shouldn’t try to live according to the obligations of the law and the 10 Commandments:

1) [Gal 3:19a What purpose then does the law serve? It was added because of transgressions, till the Seed should come to whom the promise was made]. In verse 16 the “Seed” refers to Christ. So the law was given for a certain period of time, until the Seed should come. That time has come and gone over 2000 years ago.

2) [Gal 3:24 Therefore the law was our tutor to bring us to Christ, that we might be justified by faith. 25 But after faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor]. Even though the law may have been of some use to us as a schoolmaster during our forming years, keeping our flesh out of trouble, it can never serve as a substitute for being led by the Spirit now that we are God’s sons. At some point we need to realize we’ve outgrown the kindergarten class were the law cracked its whip to chastise us. [Gal 5:18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law].

3) The law was designed to crush and conquer us, beat us into silence and show us how sinful we are. Paul Ellis (escapetoreality.org) writes the following: “…the law has been divinely engineered to stimulate sin (Rom 5:20). If you are a sinner, the law will tell you what not to do and then create a desire to do exactly that! God never gave us the law so that we might know how to behave. He gave it so that we might have knowledge of sin and be silenced by guilt (Rom 3:19-20).” Cornel Marais (www.charismaministries.org) writes: “The law blames you, but Grace blamed Jesus for you.”

4) Trying to live under the burden of something that was designed to destroy us, will only result in defeat. The written code of the law can’t impart life, only death. [2 Cor 3:6b for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life].

5)  Law-based living is a weak, useless substitute for being led by the Spirit. For example, the law requires that we must give 10% of our income, but the Spirit says “Each one, as he purposes in his heart, let him give; not of grief, or of necessity, for God loves a cheerful giver (2 Cor 9:7).”

6)  The law leaves us defenseless against the power of sin; in fact the very purpose of the law is to expose sin! [Rom 5:20a The Law came, so that the full power of sin could be seen] (CEV). We will walk away with a bleeding nose every time we try to overcome sinful habits through our fleshly efforts to keep the law. It’s only through surrendering to the Holy Spirit and allowing Him to live through us and lead us, that we can walk freedom from condemnation. [Rom 6:14 For sin shall not have dominion over you, for you are not under law but under grace].

7) Even as strict and imposing as the consequences may be for breaking the law, no person has ever been able to earn God’s blessings or eternal life through observing its requirements 100% of the time – only Jesus could do it. And because of our faith in Christ, His obedience is accredited to our account a free gift, which means that without having done it ourselves, God still sees us as though we’ve obeyed all the laws our entire lives!  [Rom 8:3 For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, 4 that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit].

8 ) [Joh 1:17 For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ]. The first word of the second part of this sentence is “but”, which means the first part of the sentence stands in contrast to the second part. If grace and truth therefore came through Jesus Christ, it implies that the law which was given through Moses did not come with grace and truth. In fact, when the law was given in at Mount Sinai, about 3000 people died for worshiping a golden calf (Exo 32.28). But when the spirit was poured out in Acts 2, about 3000 people were born again (Act 2:41).

9) Lots of Christians still try to please God through their own ability to observe the requirements of the law. Paul the apostle had a very strong opinion of this: [Gal 5:4 You are severed from Christ, you who would be justified by the law; you have fallen away from grace] (ESV). It may therefore come as a surprise to many that we don’t fall out of grace when we sin; we fall from grace when we try to live according to the law!

10) Christ is the end of the law. With His last breath on the cross He said “It is finished”. Many Christians are not convinced however. Read our previous article (http://www.newcovenantgrace.com/jesus-end-law/) if you wish to know what Jesus meant with the following words: [Mat 5:17 “Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. 18 For assuredly, I say to you, till heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled].

The scriptures are clear however:

[Rom 3:28 Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith apart from the deeds of the law].

[Rom 7:6 But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter].

[Rom 10:4 For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes].

[Gal 2:21 I do not set aside the grace of God; for if righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died in vain].

[Gal 2:16 knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified].

In Grace
Andre van der Merwe

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Watered Down Law

In all honesty, those who still choose to live under the Old Covenant Law are actually living according to a “watered down” version. This pertains to everybody on the planet who is trying to live according to the law, including even the Jews. The reason for this is because the Old Testament Law, recorded in the first 5 books of the Bible, contained very specific instructions concerning ritual sacrifices and moral living as well as the punishments for non compliance.

Even if the Jewish temple were to be rebuilt and the ritual animal sacrifices to be reinstated, no person on the planet would ever be justified through their own level of law keeping according to the Bible:

Therefore by the deeds of the law no flesh will be justified in His sight, for by the law is the knowledge of sin. (Rom 3:20 NKJV, emphasis added)

Therefore we conclude that a man is justified by faith apart from the deeds of the law. ((Rom 3:28 NKJV, emphasis added)

The requirements of the law are actually far more stringent than believed by those who still try to live by it. The biggest problem with trying to live according to the law, is that a person cannot pick and choose which laws they want to obey and which ones not. The law is a composite unity – breaking even the smallest one makes a person guilty of all:

For whoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is guilty of all. For He who said, “Do not commit adultery,” also said, “Do not murder.” Now if you do not commit adultery, but you do murder, you have become a transgressor of the law. (Jam 2:10-11 NKJV)

Therefore the person found guilty of breaking even the smallest law, like telling a lie, is actually liable for the same punishment as someone who has committed an act of horrific magnitude (like murdering someone). Now who in their right mind wishes to be judged by those standards?

The REAL Standard of the Law

The Mosaic Law was not limited to just the 10 Commandments. After presenting Israel with the two tablets of stone at Mount Sinai, God continued to give Israel a total of 613 laws which they had to keep to the last letter or stand in danger of severe punishment.

Let’s take a quick look at some of these laws with the following in mind: Anybody who still argues that Christians have to live according to the Old Testament Laws, but do not practice these things to the last letter themselves, are guilty of disobeying the entire law. Let’s take a look at those laws, bearing in mind once again that the Bible is quite a visual book:

‘If any man has an emission of semen, then he shall wash all his body in water, and be unclean until evening. And any garment and any leather on which there is semen, it shall be washed with water, and be unclean until evening. Also, when a woman lies with a man, and there is an emission of semen, they shall bathe in water, and be unclean until evening. ‘If a woman has a discharge, and the discharge from her body is blood, she shall be set apart seven days; and whoever touches her shall be unclean until evening. Everything that she lies on during her impurity shall be unclean; also everything that she sits on shall be unclean. (Lev 15:16-20 NKJV)

Now if people, who claim we still have to live according to the law, don’t isolate themselves for seven days during the above circumstances or wash themselves in water after having intercourse, they are guilty of breaking the law and are thereby punishable by death. Here’s another one:

Among the animals, whatever divides the hoof, having cloven hooves and chewing the cud – that you may eat. Nevertheless these you shall not eat among those that chew the cud or those that have cloven hooves: (and) the swine, though it divides the hoof, having cloven hooves, yet does not chew the cud, is unclean to you. (Lev 11:2b, 4, 7 NKJV)

There goes that nice English breakfast with crispy fried bacon.

‘These you may eat of all that are in the water: whatever in the water has fins and scales, whether in the seas or in the rivers – that you may eat. But all in the seas or in the rivers that do not have fins and scales, all that move in the water or any living thing which is in the water, they are an abomination to you. (Lev 11:9-10 NKJV)

There goes calamari out the window!

And whoever blasphemes the name of the LORD shall surely be put to death. (Lev 24:16a NKJV)

When last did we see someone stoned for using the Lord’s name in vain? Our movies are full of it!

“And if a person sins unintentionally, then he shall bring a female goat in its first year as a sin offering.” (Num 15:27 NKJV)

What about all those times we forgot to give to the poor, neglected to give our tithes (because we forgot to bring money to church), washed dishes on the Sabbath, etc? If we didn’t go out afterwards, bought a year old female goat and took it to a priest (remember the priest had to be from the correct Jewish lineage) who slaughtered it and made a sin offering for those sins, we’ve transgressed the law and became guilty of transgressing the entire law. If we were still under the Old Covenant Law, we would be liable for receiving the punishments as per Deuteronomy 28 from verse15 onwards.

Now while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day. And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation. Then the LORD said to Moses, “The man must surely be put to death; all the congregation shall stone him with stones outside the camp”. (Num 15:32-33, 35 NKJV)

Still want to do those dishes? How about going shopping on the Sabbath?

Ceremonial Law

Another belief doing the rounds among some believers (especially those who believe in tracing back their “Jewish Roots”) is that only the ceremonial aspects of the law have ended, but that the legal demands of the law still stand. They argue that all the prescribed rituals in the law have become redundant, but that the law is apparently still to be used as a moral guideline to direct our lives and failure to uphold its stipulations will cause us to fall short of God’s standards.

Jesus made it clear however that we cannot delete a single letter from the law:

For assuredly, I say to you, till Heaven and earth pass away, one jot or one tittle will by no means pass from the law till all is fulfilled. (Matt 5:18 NKJV)

Another problem with this viewpoint is that none of the ceremonial aspects of the law were against us. And the apostle Paul wrote that all the requirements that stood against us were cancelled:

…by canceling the record of debt that stood against us with its legal demands. This he set aside, nailing it to the cross. (Col 2:14 ESV, emphasis added)

Failing to adhere to a ceremony or a feast can’t cause somebody to be accused of anything. However when the law says “don’t do this” or “do that” and we fail to comply, then we can be found guilty! It is therefore clear to see that not only were the ceremonial aspects of the law cancelled, but also the entire penal side which stood against us!

Christ, the End of the Law

The truth is that for a believer the law has ended. Paul wrote how his heart yearned for the Israelites who still tried to live according to the law after Christ had died to set us free from it (and the same applies to us today):

Brethren, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved. For I bear them witness that they have a zeal for God, but not according to knowledge. For they being ignorant of God’s righteousness, and seeking to establish their own righteousness [by still trying to live up to the requirements of the law], have not submitted to the righteousness of God [received by simply believing in Christ]. For Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes. [We receive salvation and God’s righteousness not by living under the law, but through believing in Christ!] (Rom 10:1-4 NKJV, annotations added)

…that if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. (Rom 10:9-10 NKJV)

In Grace
Andre van der Merwe

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When Did the Old Testament End? (Pt 1)

The Bible speaks numerous times about believers being heirs of God, or about us having an inheritance. There are many more examples than the ones below:

[Rom 8:17 And if we are children, then we are heirs; heirs of God and joint-heirs with Christ; so that if we suffer with Him, we may also be glorified together].
[Col 1:12 giving thanks to the Father, who has made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light].

Now it logically follows that in order for us to become heirs of God, He had to have a testament that specified that we would inherit from Him. The Bible has 2 Testaments, namely the Old and New Testament. Both the Hebrew and Greek words used for “testament” in the Bible can also be translated to mean “covenant”. Whenever the context had to do with relationship, it was translated as “covenant”. Whenever the context was about inheritance, it was translated as “testament”:

G1242 (diathe?ke?): dee-ath-ay’-kay
From G1303; properly a disposition, that is, (specifically) a contract (especially a devisory will): – covenant, testament.

It is common logic that if a person goes to their attorney and requests to draw up a new testament, that the old one is rendered invalid. In the same way God drew up His Old Testament, but later established a new one to replace it! We’ll get to the scriptures to prove this shortly.

In Gen 12, 15, 17 and 22 we see God instating the Old Covenant/Testament with Abraham. It is important to see that the ONLY heirs of this Testament was Abraham and his natural descendants, who were called the Hebrews, who later also become known as Israel and still later were called Jews. The inheritance that God gave to them was the Promised Land, a geographical area called Canaan.
In short this was the entire Old Testament. Neither the Philistines, the Assyrians, the Egyptians nor any other nation became heirs under the Old Testament, because we see God in numerous instances acting against these nations in favour of Israel – the only nation who inherited under the Old Testament. Abraham and later also Moses became the mediators of the Old Covenant made between God and the nation of Israel. God gave them the Law which enforced the Old Covenant and is was upheld by the blood of animal sacrifices: [Heb 9:19 For when Moses had spoken every precept to all the people according to the Law, he took the blood of calves and of goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself, and all the people, 20 saying, "This is the blood of the covenant which God has commanded you"].

In Heb 9 we see a stark contrast being drawn between the blood of animals (which in essence kept the old covenant alive) and the blood of Jesus, the spiritual “animal” (have you ever wondered why Jesus was called the Lamb of God?) offered as a perfect once for all sacrifice for sin: [Heb 9:13 For if the blood of bulls and goats and the ashes of a heifer, sprinkling the unclean, sanctifies for the purifying of the flesh, 14 how much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself without spot to God, cleanse your conscience from dead works to serve the living God?]. And also [Heb 10:4 For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats could take away sins]. [Heb 10:11 And every priest stands ministering daily and offering repeatedly the same sacrifices, which can never take away sins. 12 But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God, 13 from that time waiting till His enemies are made His footstool. 14 For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified].

In Gal 3 we see that God would made a New Testament that included all the nations of the earth: [Gal 3:16 Now to Abraham and his Seed were the promises made. He does not say, “And to seeds,” as of many, but as of one, “And to your Seed,” who is Christ]. [Gal 3:28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 And if you are Christ’s, then you are Abraham’s seed, and heirs according to the promise]. Nowhere under the Old Testament was any command given to Israel to spread and preach the gospel to any other nation on the earth, because only Israel were heirs under the Old Testament. But under the New Testament in Matt 28:19 we have the great commission where Jesus commanded his disciples to take the gospel to all the nations. Jesus became the mediator of a New Covenant or Testament, writing it in His own blood: [Heb 9:15 And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance].

Next time we will look at the exact moment that the Old Covenant/Testament came to an end and also a very interesting fact about the implications of this on our view of Jesus’ life. Here’s a fore taste:

A testament or a will only comes into power whenever somebody dies. In essence an heir cannot inherit if the testator (person who wrote the testament) is still alive. [Heb 9:16 In the case of a will it is necessary to prove that the person who made it has died, 17 for a will means nothing while the person who made it is alive; it goes into effect only after his death] (GNB). Now consider this: During the 30 years or so that Jesus lived on the earth and the 3 years that He ministered before He died, under which Testament did He live?

Yours in Grace
Andre van der Merwe

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